Эпидемиологический переход в постсоветских странах.

Abstract

The paper analyses the dynamics of life expectancy and cause-specific mortality trends in Moldova compared to other former USSR republics and western countries over the last almost half a century in the light of the modern concept of the epidemiological transition (sanitary transition). Moldova failed to achieve the progress in life expectancy at birth over the last forty-five years and lagged far behind the industrialized countries. This stagnation is explained by two factors. On the other hand, significant improvements in infant and child mortality were achieved, on the other hand – an enormous rise in adult mortality, especially among working ages. Adult mortality was especially sensitive to the social circumstances of the 1980s and 1990s occurred in the former USSR countries (Gorbachev anti-alcohol campaign and social crisis in the 1990s). Disregarding these fluctuations, adult male mortality recommenced its growth in 2000s. Cardiovascular diseases, liver cirrhosis and external causes of death are the three causes of death driving the Moldovan life expectancy.